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Adiabatic PFR with Recycle
Temperature versus distance down an adiabatic PFR with recycle
id = adiabatic-pfr-with-recycle (do not remove this text)
Autothermal Reactor
Temperature versus reactor length for exothermic reaction in packed bed with feed preheat.
id = autothermal-reactor (do not remove this text)
Batch Radioactive Decay of a Four-Isotope Chain
isotope 1 decays to isotope 2, which decays to isotope 3, which decays to the stable isotope 4. The half-lives of the three decay processes are selected with the sliders.
id = batch-radioactive-decay4 (do not remove this text)
Batch Reactor with Multiple Reactions
Concentrations versus time for three reactions in an isothermal batch reactor
id = batch-reactor-with-multiple-reactions (do not remove this text)
Continuous Isotope Production
continuous decay of 3 isotopes into a stable 4th isotope
id = continuous-isotope-production (do not remove this text)
Continuous Isotope Production with Continuous Removal
Isotope 1 is continuously produced and it then undergoes radioactive decay. The decay products build up and, if radioactive, later decay with time. In this simulation isotope 1 decays to isotope 2, which decays to isotope 3, which decays to the stable isotope 4. The production rate of isotope 1 is fixed at 30 particles per minute. Isotope 2 is removed continuously at a rate selected by the slider.
id = continuous-production-removal (do not remove this text)
Continuous Isotope Production with Shutdown
Isotope 1 is continuously produced and it then undergoes radioactive decay. The decay products build up and, if radioactive, later decay with time. In this simulation isotope 1 decays to isotope 2, which decays to isotope 3, which decays to the stable isotope 4. The half-lives of the three decay processes are selected with the sliders. The production rate of isotope 1 is shut off after a time selected by a slider.
id = continuous-production-shutdown (do not remove this text)
Diffusion and Reaction in a Catalyst Pellet
Overall reaction rate in an isothermal, porous spherical catalyst pellet for diffusion-limited reaction
id = diffusion-and-reaction-in-a-catalyst-pellet (do not remove this text)
Enzyme Inhibition Kinetics
Reaction rates for Michaelis-Menten enzyme kinetics with inhibition
id = enzyme-inhibition-kinetics (do not remove this text)
Fission Chain Reaction Kinetics
id = fission-chain-reaction (do not remove this text)
Inhibition of Enzyme Reactions in CSTR and Batch Reactors
Substrate concentration versus time for enzyme reactions with inhibition in CSTR and batch reactor
id = inhibition-of-enzyme-reactions-in-cstr-and-batch-reactors (do not remove this text)
Isothermal PFR
Molar flow rate in a PFR versus cumulative reactor volume
id = isothermal-plug-flow-reactor (do not remove this text)
Isothermal PFR with Recycle
Reaction in an isothermal PFR with recycle
id = isothermal-plug-flow-reactor-with-recycle (do not remove this text)
Langmuir-Hinshelwood Reaction in a PFR
Partial pressures and fractional surface coverages versus reactor length for catalytic reaction in PFR
id = langmuir-hinshelwood-reaction-in-a-pfr (do not remove this text)
Langmuir Isotherms for a Binary Mixture
Langmuir isotherms for both components in binary mixture
id = langmuir-isotherms-for-a-binary-mixture (do not remove this text)
Material Balances on a CSTR Digital Experiment
In this experiment, two liquid reactants in aqueous solutions flow into a steady-state, continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). The objective is to determine the rate constant and the reaction order with respect to one of the reactants.
id = material-balances-on-a-cstr-wide (do not remove this text)
Membrane Reactor for an Equilibrium-Limited Reaction
A membrane that only permeates one reaction product is used to increase conversion for a reversible reaction
id = membrane-reactor-for-an-equilibrium-limited-reaction (do not remove this text)
Multiple Steady States in an Isothermal CSTR
Multiple steady states for nonlinear reaction rate in isothermal CSTR
id = multiple-states-in-an-isothermal-cstr (do not remove this text)
Multiple Steady States in a CSTR
Multiple steady states for a reversible exothermic reaction in a CSTR with heat transfer
id = multiple-steady-states-in-a-cstr (do not remove this text)
Multiple Steady States in CSTR with Heat Exchange
Multiple steady states (stable, unstable, or limit cycles) for exothermic reaction in a CSTR
id = multiple-steady-states-in-cstr-with-heat-exchange (do not remove this text)
Nuclear Fusion Reaction
This simulation models a fission-type chain reaction in which a neutron strikes a nucleus of isotope A, splitting it into isotopes B and C and releasing X additional neutrons
id = nuclear-fusion-kinetics (do not remove this text)
Operating a Chemostat
Concentrations versus feed rate for cell growth in a steady-state CSTR
id = operating-a-chemostat (do not remove this text)
Parametric Sensitivity of PFR with Heat Exchange
Sensitivity of PFR conditions to feed temperature, activation energy, and feed rate
id = parametric-sensitivity-of-pfr-with-heat-exchange (do not remove this text)
PFR Kinetics: NO2 + CO
id = ds-pfr-kinetics (do not remove this text)
PFR with Heat Transfer Jacket
Temperature in PFR and in the heat transfer fluid in annular region as function of reactor volume
id = pfr-with-heat-transfer-jacket (do not remove this text)
Pressure Drop in a PBR
Two isothermal PFRs with same pressure drop but different lengths
id = pressure-drop-in-a-pbr (do not remove this text)
Reaction in an Isothermal CSTR
Outlet concentrations from an isothermal CSTR as a function of residence time
id = reaction-in-an-isothermal-cstr (do not remove this text)
Reactor Design Economics
Monetary profit as function of CSTR or PFR volume
id = reactor-design-economics (do not remove this text)
Reactor Rate and Conversion vs. Space Velocity
Rate of reaction and conversion versus space velocity for isothermal PFR
id = reactor-rate-and-conversion-versus-space-velocity (do not remove this text)
Residence Time Distribution of CSTRs in Series
This plots the residence time distribution of a series of continuous stirred-tank reactors.
id = rtd-of-cstrs-in-series (do not remove this text)
Reversible Reaction in an Adiabatic PFR
Conversion vs. temperature plot for reversible reaction in adiabatic PFR
id = reversible-reaction-in-an-adiabatic-pfr (do not remove this text)
Scale-Up of a Batch Reactor
Problem scaling up a batch reactor with a cooling jacket
id = scale-up-of-a-batch-reactor (do not remove this text)
Selectivity in a Semibatch Reactor
Moles of product and selectivity versus reaction time in a semi-batch reactor
id = selectivity-in-a-semibatch-reactor (do not remove this text)
Series Reactions in a Batch Reactor
Concentrations versus time for series reaction in a batch reactor
id = series-reactions-in-a-batch-reactor (do not remove this text)
Temperature-Programmed Desorption
Rates vs temperature or time for temperature-programmed desorption
id = temperature-programmed-desorption (do not remove this text)
Transient Material Balances
This simulates a reactor in real-time, with an inlet stream, outlet stream, and a chemical reaction in the tank. The conditions in the reactor are plotted in real-time.
id = transient-material-balances (do not remove this text)
Uranium Isotope Decay
shows radioactive decay for the two most abundant uranium isotopes, U-235 and U-238
id = uranium-isotope-decay (do not remove this text)
Virtual Catalytic Reactor Laboratory
N/A
id = virtual-catalytic-laboratory (do not remove this text)
Batch Reactors at Constant V or P
Conversion versus time in isothermal batch reactors at constant pressure or volume.
id = batch-reactors-at-constant-volume-or-constant-pressure (do not remove this text)
Concentration and Temperature vs Residence Time in Adiabatic Reactors
Concentration and temperature versus the residence time for both types of adiabatic reactors.
id = variation-of-temperature-and-concentration-versus-residence-time-in-adiabatic-reactors (do not remove this text)
Concurrent and Cocurrent Cooling in Tubular Reactors
Thermal runaway for an exothermic reaction in a PFR with cooling
id = concurrent-and-countercurrent-cooling-in-tubular-reactors-with-exothermic-chemical-reactions (do not remove this text)
Construct an x-T Diagram for a Reversible Reaction
Construct conversion versus temperature plot in an adiabatic PFR
id = construct-a-conversion-temperature-diagram-for-a-reversible-adiabatic-reaction (do not remove this text)
CSTR That Loses Cooling
Cooling failure in a CSTR with cooling jacket
id = cstr-that-loses-cooling (do not remove this text)
Density Change Cannot be Ignored in a PFR
Effect of ignoring density change in an isothermal PFR
id = density-cannot-be-ignored-in-a-pfr (do not remove this text)
Effect of Tube Diameter PFR
Exothermic reaction in PFR with pressure drop and heat transfer through walls
id = effect-of-tube-diameter-pfr (do not remove this text)
Equally-Sized Mixed Flow Reactors in Series vs. PFR
Compare concentration profiles for a PFR and CSTRs in series
id = equally-sized-mixed-flow-reactors-in-series-versus-plug-flow-reactor (do not remove this text)
Estimating Kinetic Parameters from a Batch Reactor
Experimental data in a batch reactor are used to estimate reaction order and rate constant
id = estimating-kinetic-parameters-from-a-batch-reactor-experiment (do not remove this text)
Ethane Pyrolysis in a Tubular Reactor
Isothermal pyrolysis of ethane to ethylene in a tubular reactor
id = ethane-pyrolysis-in-a-tubular-reactor (do not remove this text)
Fed-Batch Fermentation
Concentrations in a fed-batch reactor used for fermentation
id = fed-batch-fermentation (do not remove this text)
Michaelis-Menten Enzyme Kinetics and the Steady-State Approximation
Michaelis–Menten enzyme kinetics is a model for rate equations that has a closed-form solution for the concentrations of reactants and products in an enzymatic reaction.
id = michaelis-menten-enzyme-kinetics-and-the-steady-state-approximation (do not remove this text)
Minimized Volume for Reactors in Series
Reactor volumes for two isothermal reactors (CSTRs, PFRs) in series
id = minimized-volume-for-reactors-in-series (do not remove this text)
Numerical Methods for Differential Equations
This Demonstration shows the exact and the numerical solutions using a variety of simple numerical methods for ordinary differential equations.
id = numerical-methods-for-differential-equations (do not remove this text)
Performance of a PFR with Recycle
Reaction rate in isothermal PFR with recycle as function of recycle ratio
id = performance-of-a-plug-flow-reactor-with-recycle (do not remove this text)
Pharmacokinetic Modeling
Concentration of a drug in the body as a function of time for given dosing scheme
id = pharmacokinetic-modeling (do not remove this text)
Polymerization in a Batch Reactor
Number and weight fraction of polymer versus number of monomer units for batch reactor
id = polymerization-in-a-batch-reactor (do not remove this text)
Reaction in an Adiabatic CSTR
Conversion and temperature for a liquid phase reaction in an adiabatic CSTR
id = reaction-in-an-adiabatic-cstr (do not remove this text)
Reactor with Recycle Stream
Mass balances on a reactor with separation and recycle
id = reactor-with-recycle-stream (do not remove this text)
Sensitivity of PFR to Model Parameters
Sensitivity of temperature and flow rates in a non-isothermal PFR to changes in feed conditions and parameter values.
id = sensitivity-of-pfr-to-model-parameters (do not remove this text)
Two-Dimensional Model of Adiabatic Fixed-Bed Membrane Reactor
Dehydrogenation reaction in a two-dimensional tubular adiabatic fixed bed catalytic membrane reactor
id = 2d-model-of-adiabatic-fixed-bed-membrane-reactor (do not remove this text)
Volumetric Flow Rates in a PFR
Animation of control volume moving through an isothermal PFR
id = volumetric-flow-rates-in-a-pfr (do not remove this text)